In fact, on the Iberian range, quency cross validation exhibited values below and above 1 V. Also environmental cues, e. The currently the distribution of V. It might be expected that environmental factors should plained specialization was 0. Frequently, climatic Fig. Grey scale stands for habitat suitability, with class 3 representing higher suitability. Hence, score 1 indicates areas of low suitability for the presence of the species, whereas score 3 indicates areas of high suitability.
Each scored category includes the total number of squares classified in each group in the Iberian Peninsula, the number of squares where V. Mediter- Real et al. In ranean vegetation, and areas with low surface runoff. However, The occurrence of V. This changes: while some species are able to cope with the land- means that the species apparently selects steep habitats at scape transformations and readily exploit the newer hu- high altitudes.
In fact, the distribution pattern exhibits a man-made habitats, others have their distributions areas dense agglomeration of contiguous presences in mountain progressively fragmented and eventually go extinct as pre- chains, such as the Central System, Iberian System and Baetic sumably occurred with V.
In this scenario several mountains Fig. Nevertheless, this viper is present also in life-history traits of this species increase vulnerability of frag- scattered populations located in flat and low-altitude areas mented and small populations: from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean coast e. Small home range size and low annual dispersal rate in the altitudinal range spans from the sea level e. Both activity traits suggest a slow response of the m Sierra Nevada, south-eastern Iberian Peninsula.
Despite the strong relationship found between the occurrence agriculture, forestry, urbanization, and increased road net- of V. The presence of competing species such as the other parap- 2.
Ambush predation as foraging strategy: Ambush predation is atric Iberian vipers V. The parapatric distribution of the Iberian vipers Plegue- maturation, and infrequent reproduction Shine, , zuelos et al. Specialization in dietary habits: V. In fact, these species share similar dietary habits as well shift in diet composition, both immature and adult vipers as other life-history traits Bea et al.
Prey should rian vipers, although in Catalonia northeast Spain V. In contact zones e. Triennial reproductive frequency on average was esti- unpublished data , suggesting the existence of natural popula- mated for female V.
Low growth rates and delayed sexual maturation Brito to the occurrence of V. Assuming a potential uni- 4. Relations with humans form distribution of the viper across the Iberian Peninsula, its general absence in flat and low-altitude areas Fig.
The species is currently vulnerable to extinction, destruction of natural Mediterra- confined mainly to high-altitude and steep areas mountains nean habitats has been historically the key explaining the dis- and undisturbed or at least less disturbed habitats. Altitude tribution of this viper in the Iberian Peninsula. Mediterranean and slope are negatively correlated with human population ecosystems, the most suitable habitats for V.
The impact of these activities ultimately alterations. Biological traits and extinction risk the reptiles species from the Mediterranean Basin biodiver- sity hotspot are currently threatened with extinction Brooks Changes in natural ecosystems due to human activities have et al.
Factors for the frag- mentation of V. Habitat requirements and potential A and Catalonia has increased substantially in the last century areas of occurrence for the Pine Marten in North-western Pleguezuelos, ; Riera, , hence reducing the availabil- Portugal: conservation implications. In: Santos-Reis, ity of suitable habitats for V.
Furthermore, the fre- M. Alpha Wildlife, Alberta. Ecological attributes of extinction-prone species: loss of freshwater fishes of Virginia. Conservation ulations Parellada, Besides habitat destruction, the Biology 9, — GeoPlaneta, Barcelona.
Human-viper encounters usually result in the Viperidae. Bea, A. Munibe 40, — La culebra de las islas Columbretes: Vipera latastei. Blondel, J. Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region.
Oxford University Press, New York. Boyce, M. Conclusions Evaluating resource selection functions. Ecological Modelling , — Although intense field work would be useful for detecting the Brito, J. PhD of this viper hampers estimates on demographic, behavioral thesis. For this Seasonal variation in movements, home range, and habitat use by male Vipera latastei in northern Portugal. In this Brito, J. Feeding ecology of Vipera latastei in northern sense, our present outlook on the factors affecting V.
Thus, Brito, J. Patterns of road mortality in Vipera this novel technique presented here will be an outstanding latastei and V. Amphibia- method to contribute to the evaluation of the conservation Reptilia 25, — Brito, J.
Differential growth and mortality status of secretive species that, for the lack of more compre- affect sexual size dimorphism in Vipera latastei. Copeia , hensive ecological data, may have not been correctly cata- — This spatial approach could be used for other Brito, J. In: fective for determining the conservation status. Schuett, G. Eagle Mountain Publishing, pp. Acknowledgments Brito, J. Biological Conservation providing the database set to perform the analysis and to 89, — Modelling wildlife new citations to update the current distribution of V.
Ecography 22, — We are especially indebted to J. Viper killings for Barnestein, L. Donaire-Barroso for superstitious reasons in Portugal. Brito by a Parellada, X. Amphibians and Reptiles. Conservation Management of Species and Habitats. Council of Brooks, T.
Ecological correlates of extinction proneness Oldfield, S. Habitat loss and in Australian tropical rain forest mammals. Conservation extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 5, 79— Biology 16, — Lescure, J.
In: Bauchot, Dodd Jr. Status, conservation, and management. In: R. Bordas, Paris, pp. Seigel, R. Atlas and Evolutionary Biology. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. El Brau, Figueres. Some features of the site may not work correctly.
DOI: Parellada Published 1 July Geography Biological Conservation Some snakes are highly vulnerable to extinction due to several life history traits.
However, the elusive behavior and secretive habits of some widespread species constrain the collection of demographic and ecological data necessary for the identification of extinction-prone species. In this scenario, the enhancement of ecological modelling techniques in Geographical Information Systems GIS is providing researchers with robust tools to apply to such species.
This study has identified the… Expand. View via Publisher. Save to Library Save. Create Alert Alert. Share This Paper. Background Citations. Methods Citations. Results Citations. Figures and Tables from this paper. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Aim Snakes are more vulnerable to extinction than many other taxa. Additionally, their secretive behaviour makes it difficult to acquire the baseline ecological knowledge required to reliably … Expand.
Highly Influenced. View 4 excerpts, cites background and methods. GIS-based niche models identify environmental correlates sustaining a contact zone between three species of European vipers.
Background Citations. Methods Citations. Results Citations. Figures and Tables from this paper. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Aim Snakes are more vulnerable to extinction than many other taxa. Additionally, their secretive behaviour makes it difficult to acquire the baseline ecological knowledge required to reliably … Expand. Highly Influenced. View 4 excerpts, cites background and methods.
GIS-based niche models identify environmental correlates sustaining a contact zone between three species of European vipers. The current range of European vipers is mostly parapatric but local-scale allopatric distribution is common and few cases of sympatry are known. Local-scale models reveal ecological niche variability in amphibian and reptile communities from two contrasting biogeographic regions.
View 2 excerpts, cites background. Biodiversity and Land uses at a regional scale: Is agriculture the biggest threat for reptile assemblages? Abstract The human exploitation of land resources land use has been considered the major factor responsible for changes in biodiversity within terrestrial ecosystems given that it affects directly … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites methods. Does size matter? An investigation of habitat use across a carnivore assemblage in the Serengeti, Tanzania.
The Journal of animal ecology. View 1 excerpt, cites background.
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